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	                 |  Whether you're operating a commercial ship or a recreational boat,
 you should always carry onboard charts of the area in which you are
 operating and you should know how to read them. These maps are
 known as nautical maps.
 
 A nautical map is a graphic portrayal of the marine environment. In
 addition to its basic elements, a map or chart, is a working document
 used by the mariner both as a "road map" and worksheet and is
 essential for safe navigation. In conjunction with supplemental
 navigational aids like GPS, it is used to lay out courses and navigate
 ships by the shortest and most economical safe route. A chart
 shows the nature and form of the coast, the depths of the water
 and general character and configuration of the sea bottom,
 locations of dangers to navigation, the rise and fall of the tides,
 locations of man-made aids to navigation, and the characteristics
 of the Earth's magnetism.
 
 The United States claims 12 nautical miles for its territorial sea and
 200 nautical miles fisheries jurisdiction and Exclusive Economic Zone
 (EEZ) for the exploration and management of both living and
 nonliving marine resources. This vast area covers approximately
 3.4 million nautical square miles. OCS provides accurate and timely
 nautical charts, maps, and related products for the coastal and
 adjacent ocean areas of the United States (including possessions
 and territories), the Great Lakes, other inland navigable waters,
 for the safety and efficiency of marine transportation, offshore
 engineering projects, naval operations, and recreational activities.
 
 
  
 The update cycle for nautical charts is as often as every 6 months or
 as infrequently as 12 years for remote areas. The average revision
 interval per nautical chart is 2 years. The Cooperative Charting
 Program involving the U.S. Power Squadrons and the Coast Guard
 Auxiliary provides valuable feedback information on nautical charts.
 Additional contacts are made through professional organizations,
 technical conventions, boat shows, and similar activities. Marketing
 studies are conducted to determine user reactions to existing
 products and to formulate plans for new products, formats, and
 coverage.
 
 Many recreational boaters in small boats don't consider it important
 to have charts onboard. They believe a GPS should be enough.
 That's definitely a bad idea, even if you are just operating on your
 local lake. Perhaps you are not yet a navigator, but a nautical map
 onboard allows you to compare what you are seeing with what you
 should be seeing and can help you keep your bearings.
 
 Nautical charts are different from maps in that they specifically
 depict water areas, while maps concentrate on land area, roads,
 landmarks, etc. Land areas and features on charts are sketchy and
 are noted only for their interest to the boater. Unlike maps, the
 nautical chart conveys much information specifically designed to
 assist in safely navigating the area that the chart covers.
 
 Here are a few important tips for using nautical maps:
 * Study your chart thoroughly
 * Look at the position from which you will start and visually follow
 along the course you wish to take
 * Look for things like water depths, obstructions, bridges, power
 lines or any other unusual items that may be a hazard
 * Make note of all buoys and markers you may pass in the order they
 will appear. This will give you a documented picture of your route and
 what you should expect to see without having to continually try to
 find a small marker on the chart
 * Look for visual objects featured on your chart that you should be
 able to observe and identify to confirm your position
 * Always check the weather before departing
 
 
 
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